The+Novel+as+a+whole+++Structure.

__ Structure __. The novel is divided into three parts with one appendix. The first part consists of an introduction to the world of 1984 (each chapter tends to focus on a new aspect of that world) and to the main characters. The second part is the story of Winston and Julia’s love-affair, and the third part is the account of Winston’s torture and brainwashing. The appendix gives extra information about Newspeak. Identifying a straightforward structure such as this is, is a basis for understanding more complex structures which will be found in other works in the syllabus. In //Nineteen Eighty-Four,// the story is told chronologically, apart from the times when Winston is dreaming or remembering events from the past (for instance, seeing Jones, Aaronson and Rutherford in the Chestnut Tree Café). __ Digressions. __   The nature of digressions in the narrative can be shown in the use of Goldstein’s book which Winston reads to Julia just before they are arrested. **What is the effect of including it at this point? Another digression is the story of Ogilvie. Why is this included?** __ Point of View. __   The book is written in the third person but stays with Winston’s point of view; does this affect one’s vision of what happens? of the other characters? Winston at first thinks that Julia is a member of the Thought Police, while he trusts O’Brien. **How does this affect the reader?** Here is an opportunity to talk about the different types of narrator and the effects of changing the point of view. Could one have told this story from O’Brien’s viewpoint? Or Julia’s? __ Foreshadowing __. Orwell does not cheat his reader. All the main events of the book are foreshadowed. Some examples: In Chapter 2: “We shall meet in the place where there is no darkness.” In Chapter 5: “ One of these days.... Syme will be vaporized”. In Chapter 7, in the scene where Aaronson, Rutherford and Jones are drinking gin in the Chestnut Tree Cafe before they are shot, look carefully at the song, “Under the spreading Chestnut Tree”, and in particular the line “I sold you and you sold me”. In Chapter 8: “It would probably be quite easy to rent the room...”. **What is the peculiar significance of the nursery rhyme,”Oranges and lemons”? What //is// the last line of the rhyme?**